Replication of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis E Virus (HEV) in human liver cells. HCV produces red signal, HEV produces green signal upon successful multiplication. © Abteilung für Molekulare und Medizinische Virologie

Virology I was here first! This is how hepatitis C inhibits hepatitis E

A single protein from one virus can prevent infection with another virus in cell culture.

Infections with hepatitis C and E are so common that, going only by statistics, many people should be infected with both viruses at the same time. However, only very few such cases have been reported. A research team from the Department of Molecular and Medical Virology at Ruhr-Universität Bochum (RUB) has a guess as to why this is the case: The researchers found that the viruses inhibit each other when they infect at the same time. The team headed by Thomas Burkard published their report in the journal “Cells” on 8 March 2022.

It is well known that co-infections with hepatitis viruses do exist. “However, the co-infection of hepatitis C and E has not yet been systematically researched,” says Thomas Burkard. “Even though the possibility always looms that a simultaneous infection with two viruses could perhaps be particularly dangerous.”

A single protein suppresses infection

In order to find out more about simultaneous infection with the hepatitis C (HCV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV), the researchers infected liver cells in cell culture with both pathogens in the first step. It turned out that HCV is able to suppress an infection with hepatitis E. The team wanted to find out why. “HCV consists of ten proteins,” explains Thomas Burkard. “By producing individual ones in excess, we were able to study their effect.” This allowed the researchers to find that a single viral protein – called NS3/4A – successfully suppressed the replication of hepatitis E viruses in cell culture. “It seemed that co-infection with both viruses was only possible to a very limited extent,” says Thomas Burkard.

Experiments in animal models, however, presented a different pattern: genetically modified mice that have a human liver could become infected with both viruses. However, the infections proceeded in different ways depending on which one the mice were exposed to first. If HEV was present first, HCV could not successfully infect the animals. If HCV was present first, the infection course with HEV was often delayed. “Here, HCV did not turn out to be as dominant as in cell culture,” says Thomas Burkard. In-depth analyses of the liver cells should now shed light on the underlying causes: “Perhaps we will only find islets that are infected with one or the other virus,” speculates the researcher. “In any case, it is clear that the two viruses affect each other.”

Funding

The study was funded by the Federal Ministry of Health (ZMVI1-2518FSB705), the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO-Vlaanderen, project G047417N and VirEOS 30981113) and the Open Access Publication Fund at Ruhr-Universität Bochum.

Original publication

Thomas Burkard et al.: Viral interference of Hepatitis C and E Virus replication in novel experimental co-infection systems, in: Cells, 2022, DOI: 10.3390/cells11060927

Press contact

Thomas Burkard
Department for Molecular & Medical Virology
Ruhr-Universität Bochum
Germany
Phone: +49 234 32 26465
Email: thomas.burkard@rub.de

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Published

Tuesday
29 March 2022
8:54 am

By

Meike Drießen (md)

Translated by

Donata Zuber

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